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Deep integration |
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Deep integrationRefers to economic integration that goes well beyond removal of formal barriers to trade and includes various ways of reducing the international burden of differing national regulations, such as mutual recognition and harmonization. Contrasts with shallow integration.Similar MatchesShallow integrationShallow integrationReduction or elimination of tariffs, quotas, and other barriers to trade in goods at the border, such as trade-limiting customs procedures. Contrasts with deep integration. Forward integrationForward integrationAcquisition by a firm of a larger part of its distribution chain, moving it closer to selling directly to its ultimate customers. Horizontal integrationHorizontal integrationProduction of different varieties of the same product, or different products at the same level of processing, within a single firm. This may, but need not, take place in subsidiaries in different countries. Backward integrationBackward integrationAcquisition by a firm of its suppliers. IntegrationIntegrationEconomic integration refers to reducing barriers among countries to transactions and to movements of goods, capital, and labor, including harmonization of laws, regulations, and standards. Common forms include FTAs, customs unions, and common markets. Sometimes classified as shallow integration vs. deep integration. Further SuggestionsEconomic integrationEconomies of vertical integration Disintegration Vertical integration Trade integration |
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