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Forward integration |
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Forward integrationAcquisition by a firm of a larger part of its distribution chain, moving it closer to selling directly to its ultimate customers.Similar MatchesIntegrationIntegrationEconomic integration refers to reducing barriers among countries to transactions and to movements of goods, capital, and labor, including harmonization of laws, regulations, and standards. Common forms include FTAs, customs unions, and common markets. Sometimes classified as shallow integration vs. deep integration. Trade integrationTrade integrationThe process of increasing a country's participation in world markets through trade, accomplsihed by trade liberalization. Backward integrationBackward integrationAcquisition by a firm of its suppliers. DisintegrationDisintegrationAnother term for fragmentation. Used by Feenstra (1998). Horizontal integrationHorizontal integrationProduction of different varieties of the same product, or different products at the same level of processing, within a single firm. This may, but need not, take place in subsidiaries in different countries. Further SuggestionsEconomies of vertical integrationEconomic integration Shallow integration Deep integration Vertical integration |
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