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Green field investment |
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Green field investmentFDI that involves construction of a new plant, rather then the purchase of an existing plant or firm. Contrasts with brown field investment.Similar MatchesInvestment letterInvestment letterA letter of intent between the issuer of new securities and the buyer, in the private placement of these new securities. The letter of intent establishes that the securities are being bought for a minimum time period and are treated as an investment, not for resale. If no such letter exists, the securities must be registered with Securities and Exchange Commission. Split capital investment trustSplit capital investment trustAn investment trust with a limited life, in which the equity capital is divided into two classes - income shares and capital shares.Holders of income shares receive the majority of the trust's income throughout its life and a specified capital amount on liquidationHolders of capital shares receive virtually no income during the trust's life but on liquidation receive all the assets after repayment of capital to holders of income shares. In other words they get the benefit of most of the capital growth.The raison d'etre of split capital investment trusts is that a single trust can accommodate the requirements of two types of investor in one fund, and provide better performance for both than they would be able to achieve if they invested in separate funds.It works like this:Ian Illingworth has £10,000 to invest and wants to get maximum income from it. He buys 'Income Shares' in the Split.Colin Casey has £10,000 to invest and wants to get maximum capital growth from it. He buys 'Capital Growth Shares' in the Split.The Split invests their pooled money and during the lifetime of the trust pays out all the income to Ian. At the end of the Split's life, when the capital value of the fund has risen to, say, £60,000, it pays Ian back his £10,000, and pays £50,000 to Colin.How have Ian and Colin benefited?Ian has benefited because for 7 years he has received the income on £20,000 even though he only invested £10,000.Colin has benefited because he has received the capital growth on £20,000 even though he only invested £10,000 and, being a higher-rate taxpayer, it has suited him very well not to have received any income on his £10,000 in that time.Basically, it is as if Ian said to Colin 'You have the capital growth on my £10,000' and Colin said to Ian 'Fine, I'll give you the income on my £10,000 in return.'There are many other classes of share within splits, and the thinking behind them gets progressively more complex. It is also important to note that Splits are geared investments (they can borrow money) which, depending on performance, can either be beneficial or detrimental to investors. If you are interested in what they have to offer it is essential to get specialist advice. Investment gradeInvestment gradeA credit rating given to a government or coporate bond which indicates that the agency giving the rating (Standard & Poor's, Moody's or Fitch) thinks the issuer has strong creditworthiness.The grades used by two of the leading agencies are as follows:Moody's Aaa / S&P AAAThe highest-quality, lowest-risk bondsMoody's Aa / S&P AAHigh-quality debt obligations with minimal repayment riskMoody's A / S&P AQuality bonds with a strong capacity to pay interest and principal which are somewhat susceptible to adverse economic conditionsMoody's Baa / S&P BBBQuality bonds with a adequate capacity to pay interest and principal which are more vulnerable to adverse economic conditions bondsMoody's Ba / S&P BBMedium-grade bonds with few desirable characteristicsMoody's B / S&P BSpeculative bonds with a major degree of risk in adverse economic conditionsMoody's Caa / S&P CCCIssuers in poor standingMoody's Ca / S&P CCIssuers may be in defaultMoody's C / S&P CIncome bonds on which no interest is being paidS&P DBonds in default All those at Baa/BBB or above are adjudged 'investment grade'. Association of Investment Trust CompaniesAssociation of Investment Trust CompaniesAn association formed in 1932 to represent the interests of investment trust companies. Its main aims are the protection and promotion of the interests of its members and their shareholders. It also provides information on the composition and performance of investment trusts.Contact the AITC by phone on +44 (0)20 7282 5555 or by post at Durrant House, 8-13 Chiswell Street, London, EC1V 4YY or online at http://www.aitc.co.uk. Reinvestment effectReinvestment effectThe impact of a change in interest rates on the reinvestment rate. Further SuggestionsInvestment Advisers Actethical investment Capital investment Portfolio investment Unit Share Investment Trust (USIT) Municipal Investment Trust (MIT) Net investment protected investment products Securities and Investments Board Foreign investment risk matrix (FIRM) Underinvestment problem Investment company Registered investment company Diversified investment company Passive investment strategy Alternative investments Temporary investment dividend reinvestment plan Brown field investment Ethical Investment Research Service investment trust Guaranteed investment contract (GIC) Investment value Investment Personal Investment Authority |
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