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Lower earnings limit |
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Lower earnings limitThe level of income at which employees start to pay Class 1 National Insurance contributions.Similar MatchesPrice earnings growth factorPrice earnings growth factorThe PEG of a company is calculated by dividing its prospective P/E ratio by the estimated future growth rate in earnings per share of the company. So to calculate a PEG, you first need to calculate its P/E ratio.P/E = current share price divided by earnings per shareA company with a share price of 100p and earnings per share of 5p has a P/E ratio of 100/5 = 20.By itself the P/E ratio is a useful ratio because it shows how many times the current earnings the shares cost - in a sense, how many years you would have to wait to get your money back if the company paid out all its earnings to shareholders. But the limitation of the P/E ratio is that it looks at historical information and does not relate the price of the shares to its future performance. The PEG ratio builds in that extra layer of sophistication.Using the example of the same company, imagine that the consensus brokers' forecast for its future earnings growth rate is 15%.PEG = P/E divided by estimated future growth rateFor this company, the PEG would be 20 divided by 15 = 1.33.According to Jim Slater, the investor who popularised the use of PEG's as a stock share selection tool, a share with a PEG of 1 or lower is attractive. Put simply, the lower the PEG, the less you are being asked to pay for estimated future earnings. Jim Slater did not recommend use of the PEG as the only criteria of share selection. There are plenty of other fundamental checks that have to be made too.Note that the estimated future earnings are a critical part of the PEG calculation, and that if the forecasts made by brokers are wide of the mark, the PEG ratio will be unreliable. Because of this danger, most advocated of PEG's recommend using consensus forecasts, rather than the forecasts of any single broker/analyst. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA)Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA)A financial measure defined as revenues less cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expenses. In other words, operating and nonoperating profit before the deduction of interest and income taxes. Depreciation and amortization expenses are not included in the costs. Earnings momentumEarnings momentumAn increase in the earnings per share growth rate from one reporting period to the next. Pretax earnings or profitsPretax earnings or profitsNet income before federal income taxes are subtracted. Earnings price ratioEarnings price ratioSee: Earnings yield Further SuggestionsFully diluted earnings per sharesQuality of earnings normalised earnings Earnings Retained earnings adjusted earnings Earnings response coefficient upper earnings level Earnings before interest after taxes (EBIAT) net relevant earnings earnings factor Earnings retention ratio Accounting earnings Earnings before interest, taxes, and depreciation (EBITD) Earnings before interest and, taxes (EBIT) Earnings yield State Earnings Related Pension Scheme price earnings ratio (P/E ratio) earnings yield Earnings retained earnings band earnings Earnings before taxes (EBT) taxable earnings earnings cap |
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