Scale economies


 

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Scale economies

Increasing returns to scale.



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Internal economies of scale

Internal economies of scale

Economies of scale that are internal to a firm; that is, the firm's average costs fall as its own output rises. Likely to be inconsistent with perfect competition. Contrasts with external economies of scale.


External economies of scale

External economies of scale

A form of increasing returns to scale in which productivity and thus costs of individual firms depend on the output of their entire industry, rather than just their own. Unlike more conventional (internal) scale economies, these are consistent with perfect competition.


Diseconomies of scale

Diseconomies of scale

Decreasing returns to scale.


Dynamic economies of scale

Dynamic economies of scale

A form of increasing returns to scale in which average cost declines over time as producers accumulate experience, so that average product rises with total output of the firm or industry accumulated over time. See learning by doing, infant industry protection.


Economies of scope

Economies of scope

Scope economies exist whenever the same investment can support multiple profitable activities less expensively in combination than separately.


Further Suggestions

Economies of scope
Economies of vertical integration
Economies of scale
Economies of scale


 
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