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Shallow integration |
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Shallow integrationReduction or elimination of tariffs, quotas, and other barriers to trade in goods at the border, such as trade-limiting customs procedures. Contrasts with deep integration.Similar MatchesBackward integrationBackward integrationAcquisition by a firm of its suppliers. Economies of vertical integrationEconomies of vertical integrationProduced by achieving lower operating costs by owning all components of production and sometimes sales outlets rather than contracting for companies in the outside marketplace. DisintegrationDisintegrationAnother term for fragmentation. Used by Feenstra (1998). Deep integrationDeep integrationRefers to economic integration that goes well beyond removal of formal barriers to trade and includes various ways of reducing the international burden of differing national regulations, such as mutual recognition and harmonization. Contrasts with shallow integration. IntegrationIntegrationEconomic integration refers to reducing barriers among countries to transactions and to movements of goods, capital, and labor, including harmonization of laws, regulations, and standards. Common forms include FTAs, customs unions, and common markets. Sometimes classified as shallow integration vs. deep integration. Further SuggestionsForward integrationVertical integration Economic integration Trade integration Horizontal integration |
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