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Vertical integration |
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Vertical integrationProduction of different stages of processing of a product within the same firm.Similar MatchesTrade integrationTrade integrationThe process of increasing a country's participation in world markets through trade, accomplsihed by trade liberalization. Shallow integrationShallow integrationReduction or elimination of tariffs, quotas, and other barriers to trade in goods at the border, such as trade-limiting customs procedures. Contrasts with deep integration. IntegrationIntegrationEconomic integration refers to reducing barriers among countries to transactions and to movements of goods, capital, and labor, including harmonization of laws, regulations, and standards. Common forms include FTAs, customs unions, and common markets. Sometimes classified as shallow integration vs. deep integration. Economies of vertical integrationEconomies of vertical integrationProduced by achieving lower operating costs by owning all components of production and sometimes sales outlets rather than contracting for companies in the outside marketplace. Economic integrationEconomic integrationSee integration. Further SuggestionsBackward integrationHorizontal integration Forward integration Disintegration Deep integration |
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